The Temptation of Saint Anthony
Jheronimus Bosch
Bosch Project
The Temptation of Saint Anthony
techniek: Oil on Oak
During his solitude in the desert, Saint Anthony was constantly tempted and tormented by the devil. In the central panel of this triptych, he is surrounded by a crowd of frightening monsters and demons. Yet the saint must be conscious of the presence of Jesus, as the latter inconspicuously presents his own crucifixion in the rear of the ruined building. Saint Anthony copies Christ’s blessing gesture and gives the viewer a reassuring look; the fiends have already been rendered harmless. The reliefs on the column support this, as they refer to God’s covenant with his people and to the Eucharist, Christ’s sacrifice. The grisailles of the Passion on the wings also remind us of the Redemption. The side panels reveal the hardships of Anthony’s struggle and his steadfastness: On the left, the weakened saint is helped across a bridge after being attacked by demons, while on the right, Satan tries to tempt him with feminine beauty. |  |
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Literatuur en bronnenpublicaties
Matthijs Ilsink, Jos Koldeweij, Ron Spronk, Luuk Hoogstede, Robert G. Erdmann, Rik Klein Gotink, Hanneke Nap and Daan Veldhuizen, Hieronymus Bosch, Painter and Draughtsman. Catalogue Raisonné, Brussels 2016, pp. 140-159
Luuk Hoogstede, Ron Spronk, Robert G. Erdmann, Rik Klein Gotink, Matthijs Ilsink, Jos Koldeweij, Hanneke Nap and Daan Veldhuizen, Hieronymus Bosch, Painter and Draughtsman. Technical Studies, Brussels 2016, pp. 88-107.
Charles D. Cuttler, ‘The Lisbon Temptation of Saint Anthony by Jerome Bosch’, The Art Bulletin 39 (1957), pp. 109–126.
Stefan Fischer, Hieronymus Bosch: Complete Works, Cologne 2013, 65-72, pp. 246-247.
Marie-Léopoldine Lievens-De Waegh, ‘Les tentations de Saint Antoine de Jerome Bosch au Musée de Lisbonne; Étapes de l’élaboration d’un chef-d’oeuvre’, in Bulletin de l’Institut royal du Patrimoine artistique xiv (1973-1974), pp. 152-175.
Roger H. Marijnissen and P. Ruyffelaere, Hieronymus Bosch: the Complete Works, Antwerp 1987, pp. 154-209.
J. M. Massing, ‘Sicut erat in diebus Antonii: the Devils under the Bridge in the “Tribulations of St. Anthony” by Hieronymus Bosch in Lisbon’, in Sight and Insight. Essays on Art and Culture in Honour of E.H. Gombrich at 85, London 1994, pp. 108-127.
Pilar Silva Maroto (ed.), Bosch. The 5th Centenary Exhibition, Madrid 2016, pp. 238-245 (Joaquim Oliveira Caetano).
Larry Silver, Hieronymus Bosch, New York/London 2006, pp. 222-234.
Jeanne van Waadenoijen, ‘The “Lisbon Triptych” by Jeroen Bosch: an annotation’, in Hélène Verougstraete and Roger Van Schoute, Jérôme Bosch et son entourage et autres études, Louvain/Paris/Dudley 2003, pp. 16–21.
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